Jhanda Venkayya (1876 - 1963)
P. Venkayya wrote
a booklet in 1916; titled ‘A National
Flag for India’ with a foreword by B.N.
Sharma (the booklet was financed by C.
P. Ramaswamy Iyar). In this booklet Venkayya published at least 30 illustrations of his proposed flag models.
Amongst the flag designs there was also a ‘Vajra Flag’, as was originally suggested
by Sister Nivedita. Venkayya
attended the Calcutta session of Congress in December 1906, presided over by
Sir Dadabhoy Naoroji in which the ‘Vande Matarm flag’ was hoisted. He was also a volunteer of the Home Rule
Movement of Annie Besant.
In 1921,
Pinglay Venkayya prepared a flag design “Red
over Green”
colours representing
the Hindus &
the Muslims. A Charkha
was placed on
the flag as suggested by Lala Hansraj of Bajware (near
Jullundur). Later,
to the wishes of Mahatma Gandhi, a white band was added on
top of
the colour ‘red’ to represent all other lesser communities.
Note
the
two different spellings of ‘Venkayya’ and ‘Venkaiah’ used by the Dept. of Posts.
‘Purna
Swaraj Flag of 1931’ was not designed by Venkayya, it is wrongly stated in the information brochure published by the
Department of Posts that both the flags depicted on the stamp are his designs,
therefore,
the projection of the Purna Swaraj flag
on the stamp on Venkayya (issued on 12. 08. 2009) is unwarranted. As a matter
of fact, P. Venkayya played no role in the subsequent flag designs after
the creation of Swaraj flag. He was
not even nominated as a member of the Flag Committee set up in 1931 to
devise a new flag, when there was nation-wise objections raised to the interpretation
of the colours (on the basis of
communal compartmentalism) and their disposition ‘white over green over red’
of the Swaraj flag. Venkayya was
not even an invitee to the AICC session in Bombay in 1931, in which the ‘Purna
Swaraj Flag’ was devised and officially
accepted. Venkayya by then retired from active politics.
Mahatma Gandhi wrote in the Young
India in April 1921 “A flag is a
necessity….It will be for us Indians…..to recognize a common flag to live and
to die for. …... Mr. P. Venkayya has for
some years placed before the public a suggestive booklet describing the flags
of the other nations and offering designs for an Indian National Flag. But, whilst
I have always admired the persistent zeal with which Mr. Venkayya has
prosecuted the cause of a National Flag…. He
was never able to enthuse me; and in his designs I saw nothing to stir the
nation to its depths….. .At Bezwada
(now, Vijayawada)I asked Mr. Venkayya
to give me a design containing a spinning wheel on a red(Hindu colour) and
Green (Muslim colour) background….. I suggest that the background
should be white and green and red. The white
portion is intended to represent all other faiths. The weakest numerically
occupy the first place. The Islamic colour comes next; the Hindu
colour red comes last, the idea being that the strongest should act as a
shield to the weakest ... to represent the equality of the least of us with the
best, an equal part is suggested to all three colours in the design. ... the
flag must be made of Khaddar, for it
is rough coarse cloth alone that can make India independent of foreign
markets for her cloth. ….The regulation size of the flag should contain the
drawing of a full sized spinning-wheel.” The extracts of the article reveals that it was Gandhi who himself had influenced the
making of the Swaraj flag. Therefore, the sole credit
to P. Venkayya as the designer the Swaraj
flag is factually incorrect. A myth has been grown that it was Venkayya who
designed the Swaraj flag. Historians
by and large, took the myth at its face value and agreed that it was Venkayya
who gave us the Swaraj flag. The Swaraj flag was never officially adopted as
the ‘National Flag’ by a formal resolution.However, Mahatma
Gandhi’s approval, made it popular everywhere in India. It was also known that Mahatma Gandhi was not
too happy when in 1947, at the eve of Independence, the Charkha of the flag was
replaced by the Asoka’s Dharma Chakra (Wheel of law). We shall discuss more on
this subject in due course.
With the coming into
being of the Swaraj flag in 1921,
Venkayya retired from active politics in 1922. But his passion for the Indian
flag never died. Prior to his death in 1963, he composed a beautiful poem
OUR TRICOLOUR, By
P. Venkayya
The tricolour
ensign of our rich domain
Shall
fly aloft and there for ever and ever remain
To
remind the world of our famed Maurian Asoka the great
Of
vast empire, peaceful and brotherhood state.
Sacrificial
saffron will for noble courage stand,
Peaceful
white is the truthful central band,
Parrot
green will rich chivalry and faith denote.
welcome to www.mccraze.blogspot.com
ReplyDeletethank you Ye Choh San, I always want to expand my sphere.
ReplyDeletesekhar chakrabarti