They Died for the Flag; The Flag Martyrs

 They Died for the Flag; The Flag Martyrs

When Mahatma Gandhi was arrested on 4 January 1932 by the orders of Lord Wellington, the then British Viceroy of India, a protest march was organised in Tirupur, on 10 January. Tirupur Kumaran a young millhand of Madras was leading the procession, holding the Swaraj flag in his hand, when police attacked Kumaran brutally. He exhibited an exemplary act of defiance against the police violence by holding the Swaraj flag up and kept chanting ‘Vande Mataram’. Next day, 11 January 1932, he breathed his last. He is known as ‘Kodi Kaatha Kumaran’—Kumaran who protected the flag.

 

 ‘Kodi Kaatha Kumaran’—Kumaran who protected the flag

‘Kumaran’s hand holding the flag’, postmark from Tirupur issued on 15 August 1997 to commemorate the 50^th anniversary of Independence

 

The Tirupur Kumaran Memorial at Tirupur,  Tamil Nadu.

 Quit India movement of 1942  

Mahatma Gandhi gave the historic ‘Quit India’ call at the AICC session in Bombay (Mumbai). Here is the mantra, said Mahatma Gandhi ‘a short one that I give you. You may imprint it on your hearts and let every breath of yours give expression to it. The mantra is “Do or Die”. We shall either free India or die in the attempt. We shall not live to see the perpetuation of our slavery’.

The Quit India movement of 1942 brought forth a host of volunteers and martyrs who performed great deeds of courage, heroism and sacrifice. The Purna Swaraj flag was declared outlawed but volunteers appeared all over the country and defied the order.

    

 On 11August1942, the city of Patna witnessed a memorable but heart-rending scene that saw seven brave young students die and several others seriously injured by the bullets of the police in the campus of the old Patna Secretariat. These boys were raising anti-British slogans and were determined to hoist the Purna Swaraj flag on top of the Secretariat building.

Sahid Smarak, Patna

The FDC autographed by the sculptor late Debi Prasad Roy Choudhury of Calcutta 

 The bronze sculpture by Debi Prasad Roy Choudhury depicts the seven students who lost their lives while attempting to hoist the flag atop old Patna Secretariat building.

The seven students, whose names are engraved on the Martyrs’ Memorial in Patna were:

Umakant Prasad Sinha –         Ram Mohan Roy Seminary, class IX

Ramanand Singh –                  Ram Mohan Roy Seminary, class IX

Satish Prasad Jha –                 Patna Collegiate School, class X

Jalpati Kumar –                      Bihar National College, 2nd year

Devipada Choudhry –             Miller High English School, class IX

Rajendra Singh –                    Patna High English School, Matriculation class

Ramgovind Singh –                Punpun High English School, Matriculation class

While, Ramkrishna Singh (1923-1984), then a third year student of Patna Collage was arrested and imprisoned for thirteen months.

 

On 20 September 1942, Kanaklata Barua, at Gohpur in Assam, a young girl then, led a procession of unarmed villagers waving Purna Swaraj flags to the nearby police station.  As soon as Kanaklata unfurled the flag at the police station she and her companion Mukunda Kakati were gunned down by the Police. On the same day at Dhekiajuli police station eleven villagers were gunned down by the Police while trying to hoist the Purna Swaraj flag - three of them were teen-aged girls - Tileswari, Numali and Khahuli. Kanaklata Barua has not yet been postally recognised by India Post.
 

The best account of a rebel 'National Government' was from Tamluk sub-division of East Midnapore district in West Bengal.

 A statue now stands at the spot where she was killed in Tamluk, East Medinipur.
  
And a Memorial Pillar adjacent to Matangini Statue at Tamluk 
 
 Matangini leading the procession, statue at Nandkumar, East Medinipur.

 

Matangini Hazra  affectionately called as ‘Gandhi-buri’ (literally an old female version of Gandhi), at the age of 73 (seventy-three) she joined the Quit India movement. On 29 September1942, while she was leading a procession at Tamluk in Midnapore, with the Purna Swaraj flag in her hands, a shower of bullets from the police felled her. While dying, she had held the flag high and had collapsed only when she had passed the flag onto the next marcher; the flag had remained unsullied.

 

Swadhina Chakla at Eram, Odisha

   The ‘Quit India’ had led to the formation of `Swadhina Chakla’ or ‘Swadhin Anchala’ (independent area) at Eram-Basudevpur in Odisha. The stimulated poetry of Banchhanidhi Mohanty had inspired thousands to participate in this movement. People of nearby villages were assembled at Eram after they declared themselves as part of a `swadhina chakla’ under the leadership of freedom fighters Kamalaprasad Kar, Gouranga Chandra Mohanty, Aniruddha Mohanty and Shyamsundar Panigrahi.  On the evening of the fateful day, September 28, 1942, these satyagrahis gathered at the Eram market place for a meeting defying the prohibitive orders of the police. Twenty nine satyagrahis, including one woman Pari Bewa by name, laid down their lives and many more were injured when police opened fire on the group of agitators demonstrating for ‘swaraj’.  

FLAG STATUES IN INDIA

FLAG STATUES IN INDIA

To adorn a city by means of that oldest form of plastic art – Sculpture – is an old and time-honoured usages. It was more common in ancient Egypt and ancient Greece than anywhere else, and it originated in ancient India and other lands also independently….. Sculpture and statuary as decoration of a town came to be adopted as a universal practice in the West through the example of the Greeks and the peoples of Italy. ………The different countries of Europe began to  vie with one another in this matter, and Italy and Germany, France and Spain, and England produced some of great sculptures whose works adorning the various towns and galleries of Europe form the pride of modern European art…….

The English, after they became established in India as masters of the land, in Bengal and elsewhere, introduced, along with other things of European culture, the practice of erecting statues of eminent  persons as a most graceful form of town-decoration. ……..The  statues which were set up in India at the instance of the ruling English naturally were of Britishers eminent in the history of the establishment of English power and prestige in the country……. . So wrote  National Professor Dr Suniti Kumar Chatterji  in  an article titled ‘Calcutta Sculpture’ in November, 1925.

 

After India gained independence in 1947, many a statues have been erected  at street-corners and public places all over India immortalizing our freedom fighters and  national heroes.  Most of these  statues  have been erected in places  connected with the person celebrated, or,  where an event  that  took place glorifying the whole nation.  Several of these Statues - both in relief and round forms – have commemorated ‘Flag Events’ and ‘Flag Personalities’.

Pingali Venkayya (1876–1963), hailing from Masulipatam (Machilipatnam), founded the Indian National Flag Mission and relentlessly pursued his goal to give shape to a distinctive national flag to be accepted by all.

  In 1916 Venkayya came up with a booklet titled ‘A National Flag for India’ in which he put forth about twenty-four designs for the Indian flag.None of the flags designed by Venkayya could satisfy the then leaders who mattered.

In April 1921, prior to the Bezwada (now, Vijayawada) Congress, Mahatma Gandhi asked Venkayya to prepare a design which should contain a Charkha (spinning wheel) on a red (Hindu colour) and green (Muslim colour) background. The Charkha was placed on the flag apropos of the suggestion made by Lala Hansraj of Jullundur(Jalandhar). Later, on maturer consideration of Mahatma Gandhi, a white band, representing the other religions, was added on top of the colour green.

The Tirupur Kumaran Memorial at Tirupur,  Tamil Nadu.

 When Mahatma Gandhi was arrested on 4 January 1932 by the orders of Lord Wellington, the then British viceroy of India, a protest march was organised in Tirupur on 10  January. Tirupur Kumaran was leading the procession, holding the Swaraj flag in his hand, when police attacked Kumaran brutally. He exhibited an exemplary act of defiance against the police violence by holding the Swaraj flag up and kept chanting ‘Vande Mataram’. Next day, 11 January 1932, he breathed his last. He is known as ‘Kodi Kaatha Kumaran’—Kumaran who protected the flag.

 
The Martyr's Memorial is a life-size statue of seven brave young men who sacrificed their lives in the Quit India movement (11 August 1942), to hoist the National Flag on the Secretariat building, Patna, Bihar. The  foundation stone of Martyr's Memorial was laid on August 15, 1947, by the governor of Bihar Jairam Das Daulatram. The sculptor  Deviprasad Roychoudhry built the bronze statue of the seven students with the National Flag. These statues were cast in Italy and later placed here. The seven students, whose names are engraved on the Martyrs’ Memorial in Patna were:

Umakant Prasad Sinha –         Ram Mohan Roy Seminary, class IX

Ramanand Singh –                  Ram Mohan Roy Seminary, class IX

Satish Prasad Jha –                 Patna Collegiate School, class X

Jalpati Kumar –                       Bihar National College, 2nd year

Devipada Choudhry –             Miller High English School, class IX

Rajendra Singh –                    Patna High English School, Matriculation class

Ramgovind Singh –                Punpun High English School, Matriculation class

 India Post is yet to come out with a stamp on Kanaklata Barua, the real heroine of Assam

On 20 September 1942, Kanaklata Barua, at Gohpur in Assam, a young girl then led a procession of unarmed villagers waving Purna Swaraj flags to the nearby police station.  As soon as Kanaklata unfurled the flag at the police station she and her companion Mukunda Kakati were gunned down by the Police. On the same day at Dhekiajuli police station eleven villagers were gunned down by the Police while trying to hoist the Purna Swaraj flag - three of them were teen-aged girls - Tileswari, Numali and Khahuli.

 Matangini Hazra statue, Kolkata
A statue now stands at the spot where she was killed in Tamluk, East Medinipur.

And a Memorial Pillar adjacent to Matangini Statue at Tamluk 

Matangini leading the procession, statue at Nandkumar, East Medinipur. 

Matangini Hazra was known as ‘Gandhi-buri’ (literally an old female version of Gandhi). At the age of seventy-three she joined the Quit India movement, as an active volunteer. On 29 September1942, while she was leading a procession at Tamluk in Midnapore, with the Purna Swaraj flag in her hands, a shower of bullets from the police felled her. While dying, she had held the flag high and had collapsed only when she had passed the flag onto the next marcher; the flag had remained unsullied.

Note: The FDCs and Special Covers depicted above were all post marked at the birth/event place